Ecology of Roads: a practitioner?s guide to impacts and mitigation

This authoritative volume brings together some of the world s leading researchers, academics, practitioners and transportation agency personnel to present the current status of the ecological sustainability of the linear infrastructure primarily road, rail and utility easements that dissect and fragment landscapes globally. It outlines the potential impacts, demonstrates how this infrastructure is being improved, and how broad ecological principles are applied to mitigate the impact of road networks on wildlife.Research and monitoring is an important aspect of road ecology, encompassing all phases of a transportation project. This book covers research and monitoring to span the entire project continuum starting with planning and design, through construction and into maintenance and management. It focuses on impacts and solutions forspecies groups and specific regions, with particular emphasis on the unique challenges facing Asia, South America and Africa.Other key features:  Contributions from authors originating from over 25 countries, including from all continents Each chapter summarizes important lessons, and includes lists of further reading and thoroughly up to date references Highlights principles that address key points relevant to all phases in all road projects Explains best–practices based on a number of successful international case studies Chapters are stand–alone , but they also build upon and complement each other; extensive cross–referencing directs the reader to relevant material elsewhere in the book Handbook of Road Ecology offers a comprehensive summary of approximately 30 years of global efforts to quantify the impacts of roads and traffic and implement effective mitigation. As such, it is essential reading for those involved in the planning, design, assessment and construction of new roads; the management and maintenance of existing roads; and the modifying or retrofitting of existing roads and problem locations. This handbook is an accessible resource for both developed and developing countries, including government transportation agencies, Government environmental/conservation agencies, NGOs, and road funding and donor organisations. INDICE: Notes on contributors ix.Foreword xxRichard T. T. Forman.Preface xxii.About the companion website xxiv.1 The ecological effects of linear infrastructure and traffic: Challenges and opportunities of rapid global growth 1Rodney van der Ree, Daniel J. Smith and Clara Grilo.2 Bad roads, good roads 10William F. Laurance.3 Why keep areas road ]free? The importance of roadless areas 16Nuria Selva, Adam Switalski, Stefan Kreft and Pierre L. Ibisch.4 Incorporating biodiversity issues into road design: The road agency perspective 27Kevin Roberts and Anders Sjolund.5 Improving environmental impact assessment and road planning at the landscape scale 32Jochen A. G. Jaeger.6 What transportation agencies need in environmental impact assessments and other reports to minimise ecological impacts 43Josie Stokes.7 Principles underpinning biodiversity offsets and guidance on their use 51Yung En Chee.8 Construction of roads and wildlife mitigation measures: Pitfalls and opportunities 60Cameron Weller.9 Ensuring the completed road project is designed, built and operated as intended 65Rodney van der Ree, Stephen Tonjes and Cameron Weller.10 Good science and experimentation are needed in road ecology 71Rodney van der Ree, Jochen A. G. Jaeger, Trina Rytwinski and Edgar A. van der.Grift.11 Field methods to evaluate the impacts of roads on wildlife 82Daniel J. Smith and Rodney van der Ree.12 Case study: A robust method to obtain defendable data on wildlife mortality 96Eric Guinard, Roger Prodon and Christophe Barbraud.13 Road wildlife mitigation planning can be improved by identifying the patterns and processes associated with wildlife vehicle collisions 101Kari Gunson and Fernanda Zimmermann Teixeira.14 Incorporating landscape genetics into road ecology 110Paul Sunnucks and Niko Balkenhol.15 Guidelines for evaluating use of wildlife crossing structures 119Edgar A. van der Grift and Rodney van der Ree.16 Guidelines for evaluating the effectiveness of road mitigation measures 129Edgar A. van der Grift, Rodney van der Ree and Jochen A. G. Jaeger.17 How to maintain safe and effective mitigation measures 138Rodney van der Ree and Stephen Tonjes.18 Understanding and mitigating the negative effects of road lighting on ecosystems 143Bradley F. Blackwell, Travis L. DeVault and Thomas W. Seamans.19 Ecological impacts of road noise and options for mitigation 151Kirsten M. Parris.20 Fencing: A valuable tool for reducing wildlife vehicle collisions and funneling fauna to crossing structures 159Rodney van der Ree, Jeffrey W. Gagnon and Daniel J. Smith.21 Wildlife crossing structures: An effective strategy to restore or maintain wildlife connectivity across roads 172Daniel J. Smith, Rodney van der Ree and Carme Rosell.22 Recreational co ]use of wildlife crossing structures 184Rodney van der Ree and Edgar A. van der Grift.23 Predator prey interactions at wildlife crossing structures: Between myth and reality 190Cristina Mata, Robert a Bencini, Brian K. Chambers and Juan E. Malo.24 Wildlife warning signs and animal detection systems aimed at reducing wildlife vehicle collisions 198Marcel P. Huijser, Christa Mosler ]Berger, Mattias Olsson and Mart in Strein.25 Use of reflectors and auditory deterrents to prevent wildlife vehicle collisions 213Gino D Angelo and Rodney van der Ree.26 Ecological effects of railways on wildlife 219Benjamin Dorsey, Mattias Olsson and Lisa J. Rew.27 Impacts of utility and other industrial linear corridors on wildlife 228A. David M. Latham and Stan Boutin.28 The impacts of roads and traffic on terrestrial animal populations 237Trina Rytwinski and Lenore Fahrig.29 Insects, snails and spiders: The role of invertebrates in road ecology 247Heinrich Reck and Rodney van der Ree.30 Case study: Protecting Christmas Island s iconic red crabs from vehicles 258Rob Muller and Mike Misso.31 Making a safe leap forward: Mitigating road impacts on amphibians 261Andrew Hamer, Thomas E. S. Langton and David Lesbarreres.32 Reptiles: Overlooked but often at risk from roads 271Kimberly M. Andrews, Tom A. Langen and Richard P. J. H. Struijk.33 Flight doesn t solve everything: Mitigation of road impacts on birds 281Angela Kociolek, Clara Grilo and Sandra Jacobson.34 Bats and roads 290Isobel M. Abbott, Anna Bert hinussen, Emma Stone, Martijn Boonman, Markus Melber and John Altringham.35 Carnivores: Struggling for survival in roaded landscapes 300Clara Grilo, Daniel J. Smith and Nina Klar.36 Case study: Roads and jaguars in the Mayan forests 313Eugenia Pallares, Carlos Manterola, Dalia A. Conde and Fernando Colchero.37 Case study: Finding the middle road grounded approaches to mitigate highway impacts in tiger reserves 317Sanjay Gubbi.38 Case study: African wild dogs and the fragmentation menace 322Brendan Whittington ]Jones and Harriet Davies ]Mostert.39 Roads, traffic and verges: Big problems and big opportunities for small mammals 325Fernando Ascensao, Scott LaPoint and Rodney van der Ree.40 Reducing road impacts on tree ]dwelling animals 334Kylie Soanes and Rodney van der Ree.41 Case study: Canopy bridges for primate conservation 341Andrea Donaldson and Pamela Cunneyworth.42 Transportation and large herbivores 344Patricia Cramer, Mattias Olsson, Michelle E. Gadd, Rodney van der Ree and Leonard E. Sielecki.43 Case study: The Mount Kenya elephant corridor and underpass 353Susie Weeks.44 Form and function: A more natural approach to infrastructure, fish and stream habitats 357Paul J. Wagner.45 Solutions to the impacts of roads and other barriers on fish and fish habitat 364Fabrice Ottburg and Matt Blank.46 The function and management of roadside vegetation 373Suzanne J. Milton, W. Richard J. Dean, Leonard E. Sielecki and Rodney van der Ree.47 Roads in the arid lands: Issues, challenges and potential solutions 382Enhua Lee, David B. Croft and Tamar Achiron ]Frumkin.48 Road ecology in an urbanising world 391Darryl Jones, Hans Bekker and Rodney van der Ree.49 Tropical ecosystem vulnerability and climatic conditions: Particular challenges for road planning, construction and maintenance 397Miriam Goosem.50 The influence of economics, politics and environment on road ecology in South America 407Alex Bager, Carlos E. Borg hi and Helio Secco.51 Highway construction as a force in the destruction of the Amazon forest 414Philip M. Fearnside.52 Road ecology in South India: Issues and mitigation opportunities 425K. S. Seshadri and T. Ganesh.53 Planning roads through sensitive Asian landscapes: Regulatory issues, ecological implications and challenges for decision ]making 430Asha Rajvanshi and Vinod B. Mathur.54 Setjhaba SA, South Afrika: A South African perspective of an emerging transport infrastructure 439Wendy Collinson, Dan Parker, Claire Patterson ]Abrolat, Graham Alexander and Harriet Davies ]Mostert.55 Unfenced reserves, unparalleled biodiversity and a rapidly changing landscape: Roadways and wildlife in East Africa 448Clinton W. Epps, Katarzyna Nowak, and Benezeth Mutayoba.56 Expected effects of a road across the Serengeti 455Michelle E. Gadd.57 China: Building and managing a massive road and rail network and protecting our rich biodiversity 465Yun Wang, Yaping Kong and Jiding Chen.58 Railways, roads and fences across Kazakhstan and Mongolia threaten the survival of wide ]ranging wildlife 472Kirk A. Olson and Rodney van der Ree.59 Best ]practice guidelines and manuals 479Marguerite Trocme.60 Case study: The role of non ]governmental organisations (ngos) and advocates in reducing the impacts of roads on wildlife 485Patricia White.61 Case study: Building a community of practice for road ecology 488Paul J. Wagner and Andreas Seiler.62 Wildlife/roadkill observation and reporting systems 492Fraser Shilling, Sarah Perkins and Wendy Collinson.Glossary 502.Species 509.Index 513

• ISBN: 978-1-118-56818-7
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 552
• Fecha Publicación: 15/05/2015
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés