Encyclopedia of Green Chemistry

The Encyclopedia of Green Chemistry, Four Volume Set is an essential reference for researchers, students, and professionals seeking to advance their knowledge, contribute to a sustainable future, and stay at the forefront of green chemistry. Edited by esteemed experts and written by renowned contributors, it provides in-depth knowledge on a broad range of topics in green chemistry. The Encyclopedia of Green Chemistry serves as a fundamental guide for those entering this field, exploring key principles such as biorefining, catalysis, green synthesis, renewable energy, biomass valorization, and nontraditional activation methods. It provides a solid foundation for understanding sustainable chemical practices. For seasoned scientists, this publication offers valuable insights into advanced areas, including the green production of chemicals, biomass valorization, and emerging technologies. It broadens their knowledge and facilitates the integration of green chemistry principles into their projects. Comprising over 150 authoritative review chapters, across four volumes, the encyclopedia captures the latest advancements and future prospects in green chemistry from click chemistry to continuous flow synthesis, waste-derived solvents to sustainable solvents. In a time where the urgency of the climate crisis is undeniable, the Encyclopedia of Green Chemistry provides answers to pressing questions about reducing toxicity, creating sustainable products, and countering the harmful effects of pollution. It fills the gap as the only contemporary and comprehensive major reference work in the field, bringing together the expert knowledge of multiple sub-disciplines. Compiles the fundamentals of green chemistry and recent advances into one, comprehensive referenceUtilizes current, state-of-the-art knowledge and references in this rapidly growing and evolving fieldWritten and edited by internationally renowned editors/authors INDICE: Section 1. Historical Background and Development of Green Chemistry1.1. Early developments in Green Chemistry1.2. The Description and Major Principles of Green Chemistry and Engineering1.3. Scope of Green Chemistry1.4. The Benign by Design? ConceptSection 2. Chemistry of the Environment2.1. Atmospheric Chemistry2.1.1. The Chemistry of the Atmosphere2.1.2. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming2.1.2.1. Mechanism of the Greenhouse Effect2.1.2.2. Greenhouse Gases2.1.2.3. Effect of Aerosols on the Climate2.1.2.4. Potential Effects of Global Warming2.1.2.5. Minimizing CO2 and Other Greenhouse Gases Emission.2.1.3. The Chemistry and Role of the Ozone Layer2.1.3.1. Chemical Processes in the Stratosphere2.1.3.2. The Depletion of the Ozone Layer2.1.3.3. Ozone Destructing Chemicals and Their Role in Ozone Destruction2.1.4. Air Pollution2.1.4.1. Smog formation2.1.4.2. Formation of Acid Rain and Its Consequences2.2. The Chemistry of Soil2.2.1. Basic Chemical Processes of Soil2.2.2. Acidity/Basicity and Salinity of Soil2.2.3. Contamination and Remediation of Soil around Industrial Sites.2.2.4. Effect of Agrochemicals on Soil2.3. The Chemistry of Water2.3.1. Fundamental Chemical Processes of Natural Waters2.3.2. The Pollution and Purification of Water2.3.3. Groundwater: Source, Contamination, Remediation2.3.4. Municipal Sewage and Wastewater Contamination and Treatment2.3.5. Treatment of Industrial and Hospital Wastewater2.3.6. Effect of Agrochemical Contaminants (Fertilizers, Pesticides) on Natural WatersSection 3. Green Synthesis-1: Catalysis3.1. Catalytic Materials3.1.1. Soluble (or Homogeneous) Catalysts3.1.1.1. Soluble Metal Complexes3.1.1.2. Water-resistant soluble acids3.1.1.3. Base-catalysts3.1.1.4. Organocatalysts3.1.2. Solid (or Heterogeneous) Catalysts3.1.2.1. Metal Catalysts3.1.2.1.1. Unsupported Metals3.1.2.1.2. Supported Metals3.1.2.1.3. Supported Metal Complexes3.1.3. Solid Acid Catalysts3.1.3.1. Metal Oxide Catalysts3.1.3.2. Zeolites3.1.3.3. Clays3.1.3.4. Acidic Ion-Exchange Resins3.1.3.5. Heteropoly Acids and Their Salts3.1.3.6. Sulfated Metal Oxides3.1.4. Solid Base Catalysts3.1.4.1. Metal Oxides and Carbonates3.1.4.2. Basic Ion-Exchange Resins3.1.4.3. Zeolites3.1.4.4. Layered Double Hydroxides3.1.5. Nanoparticle catalysts3.1.6. Metal-organic Frameworks3.1.7. Other Organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts3.1.8. Phase Transfer Catalysts3.2. Homogeneous Catalysis3.2.1. Basic Concepts of Homogeneous Catalysis3.2.2. Ligands3.2.3. Metals3.2.4. Investigation of Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions: Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Computational Methods3.2.5. Synthetic Applications of Homogeneous Catalysis3.2.6. Industrial Processes3.2.6.1. Synthesis of Fine Chemicals3.2.6.2. Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)3.2.6.3. Polymerization by Metal Complexes3.2.7. Asymmetric Catalysis by Chiral Metal Complexes3.2.8. Recovery and Reuse of Metal Complex Catalysts3.2.9. Homogeneous Catalysis in Green Solvents3.3. Heterogeneous Catalysis3.3.1. Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis3.3.2. Surface Phenomena3.3.3. Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalysis3.3.4. Characterization of Solid Catalysts3.3.5. Synthetic Applications of Heterogeneous Catalysis3.3.6. Industrial Catalysis3.3.6.1. Synthesis of Fine Chemicals3.3.6.2. Petrochemical Applications of Solid Catalysts3.3.6.3. Automotive Industry Applications3.3.6.4. Solid Catalysts in the Food Industry3.3.7. Heterogeneous Catalysis in Environmental ApplicationsSection 4. Green Synthesis-2: Special Topics in Green Synthesis4.1. Phase Transfer Catalysis4.1.1. Basic Concepts4.1.2. Liquid/Liquid and Solid/Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis4.1.3. Inverse Phase Transfer Catalysis4.1.4. Reaction Design and Choice of Solvent4.1.5. Synthetic Applications4.1.6. Polymerization by Phase Transfer Catalysis4.1.7. Phase Transfer Catalysis in Asymmetric Synthesis4.1.8. Industrial Applications4.2. Biocatalysis4.2.1. Biocatalysts: Whole Cells, Isolated Enzymes and Immobilized Enzymes4.2.2. Reaction Media for Biocatalysts4.2.3. Protein Engineering for Biocatalysis4.2.4. Substrate Engineering4.2.5. Cell-free Synthetic Biology4.2.6. Synthetic Applications of Biocatalysis4.2.7. Combinatorial Biosynthesis4.2.8. Industrial Applications4.2.9. Biocatalysis for a Biobased Industry4.3. Solvents4.3.1. The Role of Solvents in Green Processes from Sustainability to Economics4.3.2. Evaluating the Greenness of Solvents4.3.3. Solvent Recovery and Recycling4.3.4. Renewable Solvents from Bio-based Sources4.3.5. Ionic Liquids as Recyclable Solvents4.3.6. Deep Eutectic Solvents4.3.7. Supercritical Solvents in Green Synthesis, Separations and Extractions4.3.8. Industrial Case Studies4.4. Polymers and Plastics4.4.1. Fundamentals of Polymers from Structure to Everyday Applications4.4.2. Green Synthesis of Polymers4.4.3. Environmental Issues Caused by Traditional Synthetic Polymers4.4.4. Sustainability and Environmental Degradability of Synthetic Polymers4.4.5. Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers4.4.6. Natural Renewable Polymers4.4.7. Polymer Composite Materials4.4.8. Recycling and Reuse of Plastic WasteSection 5. Nontraditional Activation Methods in Green and Sustainable Applications5.1. Microwave Activation5.1.1. Fundamentals of Microwave Activation5.1.2. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Fine Chemicals5.1.3. Application of Microwave Activation in Materials Science5.1.4. Microwaves in Biotechnology: Biocatalysis, Proteomics and More5.1.5. Microwave Irradiation in Biomass Valorization5.1.6. Environmental Applications of Microwave Heating5.2. Sonochemistry5.2.1. Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Activation5.2.2. Aqueous Sonochemistry5.2.3. Ultrasound-assisted Syntheses in Organic Solvents.5.2.4. Sonocatalysis5.2.5. Sonochemistry of Organometallic Systems5.2.6. Environmental Applications of Ultrasounds5.3. Photochemistry5.3.1. Fundamentals of Photochemistry5.3.2. Photochemical Synthesis of Fine Chemicals5.3.3. Light-activated Molecular Switches, Machines and Motors5.3.4. Photocatalysis5.3.5. Environmental Applications of Light-activated Processes5.4. Electrochemistry5.4.1. Fundamentals of Electrochemical Activation5.4.2. Synthetic Organic Electrochemistry5.4.3. Electrolytic Production of Other Consumer Goods5.4.4. Electrocatalysis5.4.5. Environmental Applications of Electrochemical Technology5.5. Mechanochemistry5.5.1. Fundamentals of Mechanochemistry5.5.2. Organic Synthesis by Mechanochemistry5.5.3. Mechanochemistry in Material Science Applications5.5.4. Catalysis in Mechanochemistry5.6. High Hydrostatic Pressure5.6.1. Chemistry under High Hydrostatic Pressure5.6.2. High Hydrostatic Pressure in Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology5.6.3. Chemical Synthesis with High Hydrostatic Pressure5.6.4. Green Food Processing with High Hydrostatic Pressure5.7. Combined Applications of Nontraditional Activation MethodsSection 6. Green Chemistry Metrics6.1. Mass-related Metrics6.1.1. Atom Economy6.1.2. E-factor6.1.3. Improving the E-factor: the Environmental, Hazard and Risk Quotients6.1.4. Industrial Metrics: Process Mass Intensity, Carbon Efficiency and Others6.1.5. Solvent Intensity6.2. Energy-related factors, energy efficiency6.2.1. Total Process Energy and Energy Consumption6.2.2. Energy for Solvent Recovery6.3. Environment-related Measures: Green House Gas Emission and Ozone Creation6.3.1. Total Mass of Green House Gas from Energy (as kg of CO2 equiv.)6.3.2. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential6.4. Solvent-related Metrics6.5. Life Cycle AssessmentSection 7. Renewable Energy and Energy Storage7.1. Renewable Energy Sources7.1.1. Solar Energy Conversion7.1.2. Hydrothermal Energy7.1.3. Electric Energy from Wind Power7.1.4. Hydropower7.2. Energy Storage: Batteries and Fuel Cells.7.2.1. Rechargeable Batteries7.2.2. Hydrogen Fuel Cells7.2.3. The Hydrogen Economy7.2.4. Methanol Fuel Cells7.2.5. The Methanol Economy7.3. Renewable Fuels/Biofuels7.3.1. Biofuel as a Renewable Energy Source7.3.2. Biomass-based Biodiesel7.3.3. Biodiesel from Renewable Natural Fats7.3.4. Cellulosic Biodiesel7.3.5. Biomass-based Ethanol Production7.3.6. Other Biomass-based Alcohols as Biofuels and Solvents.7.3.7. Biogas7.3.8. Low-Carbon Aviation Fuel Through the Alcohol to Jet Pathway7.3.9. Generation of Hydrogen from Biomass7.4. Carbon Dioxide Recycling and Mitigation of Global Warming7.4.1. Carbon Dioxide Recycling by Chemical Processes7.4.2. Biological/Biochemical Ways of Carbon Dioxide Recycling7.4.3. Algal Capture of Carbon Dioxide and Biomass GenerationSection 8. Biovalorization8.1. Biomass8.1.1. Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass8.1.2. Valorization of Biomass from the Sugar Industry8.2. Waste8.2.1. Agricultural Waste Valorization to Produce Biofuels8.2.2. Biovalorization of Industrial Waste8.2.2.1. Valorization of Edible Oil Industry Waste8.2.2.2. Production of Chemicals from Food Waste8.2.2.3. Valorization of Paper Products8.3. Valorization by Nontraditional Activation Methods (Microwaves etc.)8.4. Converting Wastes to Biohydrogen by Microbial ElectrolysisSection 9. Chemical Toxicology9.1. Exposure Classes of Toxicants9.1.1. Air Pollutants9.1.2. Water and Soil Pollutants9.1.3. Occupational Toxicants9.2. Use Classes of Toxicants9.2.1. Metals9.2.2. Pesticides9.2.3. Food Additives9.2.4. Plasticizers9.2.5. Solvents9.2.6. Cosmetics and Household Chemicals9.2.7. Therapeutic Drugs9.2.8. Drugs of Abuse9.3. ADME Properties of Toxicants9.3.1. Adsoprtion and Distribution of Toxicants9.3.1. Toxic Metabolites and Elimination of Toxicants9.4. Environmental Toxicology9.4.1. Environmental Persistence and Bioaccumulation of Toxicants9.4.2. Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment9.4.3. Environmental Risk Assessment9.5. Prevention of Toxicity9.5.1. Health Risk Assessment9.5.2. In silico Toxicology9.5.3. Legislations and RegulationsSection 10. Environmental Remediation10.1. Hazardous Wastes - Types and Sources10.2. Thermal Treatment of Waste10.3. Soil Vapor Extraction: Fundamentals, Theory and Applications10.4. Electrokinetic Remediation10.6. Stabilization/Solidification10.7. Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) for Environmental Site Remediation10.8. Thermal Desorption and Incineration10.9. Remediation of Soil Using Composting10.10. Phytoremediation10.11. Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation10.12. Landfarming10.13. Ultrasound-assisted Remediation Methods10.14. Environmental Remediation by Microwave Irradiation10.15. Electrochemical Methods for Environmental Remediation10.16. Remediation of Nanoparticle Contamination10.17. Environmental Remediation of Radioactive Pollution.Section 11. Environmental Policy and its Effect on New Developments11.1. History of Environmental Pollution and National, International Regulations11.1. Environmental Regulatory Agencies11.3. Chemical Manufacturing and Economic Theory11.4. Plant Scale Economics11.5. Economic Impact of Green Chemistry11.6. Business Strategies Regarding Application of Green Chemistry11.7. Incorporation of Green Chemistry in Process Design for Sustainability11.8. Case Studies Demonstrating the Economic Benefits of Green Chemistry and Design11.9. Economic, Legal and Safety Issues of Environmental Site Remediation

• ISBN: 978-0-443-15742-4
• Editorial: Elsevier
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 3200
• Fecha Publicación: 15/02/2025
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés