Process and plant safety

This book develops recommendations and guidelines for safety and describes how Computational Fluid Dynamics are successfully utilised in safety technology.The text serves as a guide to elaborating and determining the principles, assumptions, strengths, limitations and application areas of ultilising CFD in plant chemical safety and security management. The book offers guidelines, procedures, frameworks and technology for creating safer chemical plant operations. It includes modelling aids and concrete industry examples for industrial plantoperations and explores safety threats such as explosions and fires. It explores safety aspects of plant operations across the board from chemical plants to nuclear power plants and reconstructs major safety accidents and procedures on their future preventions. INDICE: Preface XIXList of Contributors XXI1 Computational Fluid Dynamics:the future in safety technology! 1Jürgen Schmidt2 Organized by ProcessNet: Tutzing Symposion 2011 CFD - its Future in Safety Technology€™ 5Norbert Pfeil2.1 ProcessNet - an Initiative of DECHEMA and VDI-GVC 52.2 A Long Discussed Question: Can Safety Engineers Rely on Numerical Methods? 73 CFD and Holistic Methods for Explosive Safety and Risk Analysis 9Arno Klomfass and Klaus Thoma3.1 Introduction 93.2 Deterministic and Probabilistic Design Tasks 113.3 CFD Applications on Explosions and Blast Waves 123.4 Engineering Methods: The TNT Equivalent 223.5 QRA for Explosive Safety 253.6 Summary and Outlook 27References 28Part One CFD Today - Opportunities and Limits if Applied to Safety Techology 314 Status and Potentials of CFD in Safety Analyses Using the Example of NuclearPower 33Horst€Michael Prasser4.1 Introduction 334.2 Safety and Safety Analysis of Light Water Reactors 334.3 Role and Status of Fluid Dynamics Modeling 364.4 Expected Benefits of CFD in Nuclear Reactor Safety 374.5 Challenges 404.6 Examples of Applications 424.7 Beyond-Design-Based Accidents 53References 66Part Two Computer or Experimental Design? 695 Sizing and Operation of High-Pressure Safety Valves 71Jürgen Schmidt and Wolfgang Peschel5.1 Introduction 715.2Phenomenological Description of the Flow through a Safety Valve 715.3 Nozzle/Discharge Coefficient Sizing Procedure 725.4 Sizing of Safety Valves Applying CFD 825.5 Summary 90References 936 Water Hammer Induced by Fast-Acting Valves - Experimental Studies, 1D Modeling, and Demands for Possible Future CFX Calculations 95Andreas Dudlik and Robert Fr hlich6.1 Introduction 956.2 Multi-PhaseFlow Test Facility 976.3 Extension of Pilot Plant Pipework PPP for Software Validation 996.4 Experimental Set-Up 996.5 Experimental Results 1006.7 PossibleChances and Difficulties in the Use of CFX for Water Hammer Calculations 1066.8 CFD - The Future of Safety Technology? 109References 1107 CFD-Modeling for Optimizing the Function of Low-Pressure Valves 113Frank Helmsen and Tobias KirchnerReferences 119Part Three Fire and Explosions - are CFD Simulations ReallyProfitable? 1218 Consequences of Pool Fires to LNG Ship Cargo tanks 123Benjamin Scholz and Gerd-Michael Wuersig8.1 Introduction 1238.2 Evaluation of Heat Transfer 1258.3 CFD-Calculations 1288.4 Conclusions 136References 1379 CFD Simulation of Large Hydrocarbon and Peroxide Pool Fires 139Axel Sch nbucher, Stefan SchÃñlike, Iris Vela, and Klaus-Dieter Wehrstedt9.1 Introduction 1399.2 Governing Equations 1399.3 Turbulence Modeling 1409.4 Combustion Modeling 1419.5 Radiation Modeling 1429.6 CFD Simulation 1449.7 Results and Discussion 1459.8 Conclusions 1549.9 CFD - The Future of Safety Technology? 154References 15510 Modeling Fire Scenarios and Smoke Migration in Structures 159Ulrich Krause, Frederik Rabe, and Christian Knaust10.1 Introduction 15910.2 Hierarchy of Fire Models 16110.3 Balance Equations for Mass, Momentum, and Heat Transfer (CFD Models) 16210.4 Zone Models 16410.5 Plume Models 16410.6 Computational Examples 16610.7 Conclusions 17510.8 CFD - The Future of Safety Technology? 175References177Part Four CFD Tomorrow - The Way to CFD as a Standard Tool in Safety Technology 17911 The ERCOFTAC Knowledge Base Wiki - An Aid for Validating CFD Models 181Wolfgang Rodi11.1 Introduction 18111.2 Structure of the Knowledge Base Wiki 18211.3 Content of the Knowledge Base 18411.4 Interaction with Users 18511.5 Concluding Remarks 18512 CFD at its Limits: Scaling Issues, Uncertain Data, and the User.s Role 189Matthias Münch and Rupert Klein12.1 Numerics and Under-Resolved Simulations 19012.2 Uncertainties 19612.3 Theory and Practice 19912.4 Conclusions 208References 21013 Validation of CFD Models for the Prediction of Gas Dispersion in Urban and Industrial Environments 213Michael Schatzmann and Bernd Leitl13.1 Introduction 21313.2 Types of CFD Models 21413.3 ValidationData 21513.4 Wind Tunnel Experiments 22713.5 Summary 229References 23114 CFD Methods in Safety Technology - Useful Tools or Useless Toys? 233Henning Bockhorn14.1 Introduction 23314.2 Characteristic Properties of Combustion Systems 23414.3 Practical Problems 24714.4 Outlook 256References 257Part Five Dynamic Systems - Are 1D Models Sufficient? 25915 Dynamic Modeling of Disturbances in Distillation Columns 261Daniel Staak, Aristides Morillo, and Günter Wozny15.1 Introduction 26115.2 Dynamic Simulation Model 26215.3 Case Study 26815.4 CFD- The Future of Safety Technology? 26915.5 Nomenclature 272References 27416 Dynamic Process Simulation for the Evaluation of Upset Conditions in Chemical Plants in the Process Industry 27516.1 Introduction 27516.2 Application of Dynamic Process Simulation 27716.3 Conclusion 29316.4 Dynamic Process Simulation - TheFuture of Safety Technology? 29317 The Process Safety Toolbox - The Importance of Method Selection for Safety-Relevant Calculations 295Andy Jones17.1 Introduction - The Process Safety Toolbox 29517.2 Flow through Nitrogen Piping During Distillation Column Pressurization 29617.3 Tube Failure in a Wiped-Film Evaporator 30117.4 Phenol-Formaldehyde Uncontrolled Exothermic Reaction 30617.5 Computational Fluid Dynamics - Is It Ever Necessary? 30817.6 Computational Fluid Dynamics - The Future of Safety Technology? 309References 31118 CFD for Reconstruction of the Buncefield Incident 313Simon E. Gant and G.T. Atkinson18.1 Introduction 31318.2 Observations from the CCTV Records 31418.3 CFD Modeling ofthe Vapor Cloud Dispersion 31818.4 Conclusions 32818.5 CFD: The Future of Safety Technology? 328References 329Part Six Contributions for Discussion 33119 Do We Really Want to Calculate the Wrong Problem as Exactly as Possible? The Relevance of Initial and Boundary Conditions in Treating the Consequences of Accidents 333Ulrich Hauptmanns19.1 Introduction 33319.2 Models 33419.3 Case Study33919.4 Conclusions 345References 34620 Can Software Ever be Safe? 349Frank Schiller and Tina Mattes20.1 Introduction 34920.2 Basics 35020.3 Software Errors and Error Handling 35420.4 Potential Future Approaches 36620.5 CFD - The Future of Safety Technology? 367References 36721 CFD Modeling: Are Experiments Superfluous? 369B. J rgensen and D. MoncalvoReferences 371Index 373

• ISBN: 978-3-527-33027-0
• Editorial: Wiley-VCH
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 406
• Fecha Publicación: 04/04/2012
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés