Biological Identification: DNA Amplification and Sequencing, Optical Sensing, Lab-On-Chip and Portable Systems

Biological Identification provides a detailed review of, and potential future developments in, the technologies available to counter the threats to life and health posed by natural pathogens, toxins, and bioterrorism agents. Biological identification systems must be fast, accurate, reliable, and easy to use. It is also important to employ the most suitable technology in dealing with any particular threat. This book covers the fundamentals of these vital systems and lays out possible advances in the technology. Part one covers the essentials of DNA and RNA sequencing for the identification of pathogens, including next generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, isothermal amplification, and bead array technologies. Part two addresses a variety of approaches to making identification systems portable, tackling the special requirements of smaller, mobile systems in fluid movement, power usage, and sample preparation. Part three focuses on a range of optical methods and their advantages. Finally, part four describes a unique approach to sample preparation and a promising approach to identification using mass spectroscopy. Biological Identification is a useful resource for academics and engineers involved in the microelectronics and sensors industry, and for companies, medical organizations and military bodies looking for biodetection solutions. Covers DNA sequencing of pathogens, lab-on-chip, and portable systems for biodetection and analysisProvides an in-depth description of optical systems and explores sample preparation and mass spectrometry-based biological analysis INDICE: Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical MaterialsPrefacePart I: Technology for DNA and RNA analysis of pathogens 1. Nucleic acid sequencing for characterizing infectious and/or novel agents in complex samples Abstract:1.1 Pathogen sequencing and applications in public health and biosecurity1.2 Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and the sequencing landscape1.3 Characterization of known pathogens1.4 Discovery of novel agents1.5 Future trends1.6 Acknowledgments1.7 References2. Multiplexed, lateral flow, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for biological identification Abstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Real-time PCR: development and description2.3 Considerations when developing a real-time PCR assay2.4 Real-time PCR instrument platforms2.5 References3. Isothermal amplification of specific sequences Abstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Melting temperature (Tm) estimation and categories of isothermal amplification technologies3.3 Isothermal amplification based on DNA polymerases3.4 Isothermal amplification based on RNA polymerases3.5 Future prospects3.6 References4. Bead array technologies for genetic disease screening and microbial detection Abstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Luminex® xMAP® Technology4.3 Illumina VeraCode4.4 NanoString nCounter4.5 Applications4.6 Conclusion4.7 References Part II: Lab-on-chip and portable systems for biodetection and analysis 5. Electrochemical detection for biological identification Abstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Electrochemical techniques for bioanalysis5.3 Electrochemical biosensors for pathogens5.4 Conclusions5.5 References6. Conductometric biosensors Abstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Conductometry in enzyme catalysis6.3 Conductometric enzyme biosensors based on direct analysis - I: Biosensors for biomedical applications6.4 Conductometric enzyme biosensors based on direct analysis - II: Biosensors for environmental applications6.5 Conductometric enzyme biosensors based on direct analysis - III: Biosensors for agribusiness applications6.6 Conductometric enzyme biosensors based on inhibition analysis6.7 Whole cell conductometric biosensors6.8 DNA-based conductometric biosensors6.9 Conductometric biosensors for detection of microorganisms6.10 Conclusions6.11 References7. Bio-chem-FETs: field effect transistors for biological sensing Abstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 The field effect transistor (FET)7.3 Chemical compounds and biological units as sensing elements in Bio-chem-FETs7.4 Nanomaterials and nanoengineering in the design of Bio-chem-FETs7.6 References8. Microfluidic devices for rapid identification and characterization of pathogens Abstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Challenges and technical as well as commercial solutions8.3 Pathogens and analytes8.4 Chip-based analysis of protein-based analytes in microfluidic devices8.5 Chip-based analysis of nucleic acid-based analytes in microfluidic devices8.6 Future trends8.7 Acknowledgements8.8 References Part III: Optical systems for biological identification 9. Optical biodetection using receptors and enzymes (porphyrin-incorporated) Abstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Prior research/literature9.3 Binding of cells9.4 Binding of a receptor to a simulated 'toxin'9.5 Binding of the simulated 'toxin' to the receptor9.6 Binding of a specific antigen diagnostic of cancer to a receptor9.7 Binding of cholera toxin9.8 Binding of influenza9.9 Conclusion9.10 References10. Overview of terahertz spectral characterization for biological identification Abstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Fundamentals of terahertz vibrational spectroscopy for biological identification of large biological molecules and species10.3 Overview10.4 Recent and future trends10.5 Approach for computational modeling of vibrational frequencies and absorption spectra of biomolecules10.6 The problem with a poor convergence of simulation10.7 Other problems: dissipation time scales10.8 Statistical model for Escherichia coli DNA sequence10.9 Component-based model for Escherichia coli cells10.10 Experimental sub-terahertz spectroscopy of biological molecules and species10.11 Conclusions and future trends10.12 Acknowledgments10.13 References11. Raman spectroscopy for biological identification Abstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Experimental methods used to capture intensive variability11.3 Multivariate spectral analysis methods11.4 Species-level biological identification results11.5 Conclusions11.6 Acknowledgments11.7 References12. Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging) for biodetection Abstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 The value of early warning12.3 The essentials of Bio-Lidar12.4 How Bio-Lidar is used12.5 Bio-Lidar value-added12.6 Areas for improvement12.7 The value of integration12.8 Conclusions and future trends12.9 References Part IV: Sample preparation and mass spectrometry-based biological analysis 13. Electrophoretic approaches to sample collection and preparation for nucleic acids analysis Abstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 Separation parameters for nucleic acids for use in sample preparation13.3 Electrophoresis using uniform electric fields for sample preparation and analysis13.4 Electrophoresis using non-uniform electric field gradients for sample preparation and analysis13.5 Comparison of electrophoretic techniques for sample preparation and contaminant rejection13.6 Future trends13.7 Sources of further information and advice13.8 Acknowledgments13.9 References14. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques for biological identification Abstract:14.1 Introduction14.2 Bacterial proteome handling, processing and separation methods14.3 Sample ionization and introduction for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis14.4 Mass spectral proteomic methods14.5 Computational and bioinformatics approaches for data mining and discrimination of microbes14.6 Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS/MS) of peptides14.7 Analysis of MALDI-MS spectra14.8 Analyses of double-blind bacterial mixtures14.9 Conclusions14.10 References Index

• ISBN: 978-0-08-101514-8
• Editorial: Woodhead Publishing
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 390
• Fecha Publicación: 30/06/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés