Designed with the busy practitioner in mind, ExpertDDx: Brain and Spine, third edition, quickly guides you to the most likely differential diagnoses based on key imaging findings and clinical information. This superbly illustrated resource covers more than 275 of the top differential diagnoses across a broad spectrum of central nervous system diseases, presenting parallel groups of anatomically based differentials, generic imaging patterns, modality-specific findings, and clinically based differentials for each area. Now fully revised and up-to-date, this practical reference clearly guides you through useful, actionable differential diagnoses that lead to definitive findings in every area of the brain and spine. INDICE: SECTION 1: SKULL AND BRAIN SCALP, SKULL ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 4 Skull Normal Variants Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 6 Scalp Mass, Child Luke L. Linscott, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD 10 Scalp Mass, Adult Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 12 Congenital Anomalies of Skull Base Luke L. Linscott, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 18 Hair on End Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 20 Thick Skull, Generalized Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 24 Thick Skull, Localized Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 26 Thin Skull, Generalized Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 28 Thin Skull, Localized Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 30 Lytic Skull Lesion, Solitary Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 34 Multiple Lucent Skull Lesions Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 38 Sclerotic Skull Lesion, Solitary Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 42 Sclerotic Skull Lesions, Multiple Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 44 Macrocrania/Macrocephaly Luke L. Linscott, MD 50 Microcephaly Luke L. Linscott, MD MENINGES ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 56 Dural Calcification(s) Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 58 Dural-Based Mass, Solitary Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 62 Dural-Based Masses, Multiple Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 66 Falx Lesions Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 68 Thick Dura/Arachnoid, Generalized Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 70 Pial Enhancement Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 74 Dural Tail Sign Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA VENTRICLES, PERIVENTRICULAR REGIONS ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 76 Ventricles, Normal Variants Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD 80 Choroid Plexus Lesions, Child Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 82 Choroid Plexus Lesions, Adult Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Karen L. Salzman, MD 84 Ependymal/Subependymal Lesions Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 90 Lateral Ventricle Mass Karen L. Salzman, MD 94 Thick Septum Pellucidum Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 96 Foramen of Monro Mass Troy A. Hutchins, MD 100 3rd Ventricle Mass, Anterior Karen L. Salzman, MD 104 3rd Ventricle Mass, Body/Posterior Karen L. Salzman, MD 106 Cerebral Aqueduct/Periaqueductal Lesion Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 112 4th Ventricle Mass, Child Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 116 4th Ventricle Mass, Adult Karen L. Salzman, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 118 Bubbly-Appearing Intraventricular Mass Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 122 Ependymal Enhancement Blair A. Winegar, MD and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 126 Ventriculomegaly Luke L. Linscott, MD 132 Small Ventricles Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD 134 Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 138 Irregular Lateral Ventricles Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 142 Periventricular Enhancing Lesions Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 146 Intraventricular Calcification(s) Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 150 Periventricular Calcification(s) Luke L. Linscott, MD, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC 154 Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD EXTRAAXIAL SPACES AND SUBARACHNOID CISTERNS ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 158 Subarachnoid Space Normal Variants Luke L. Linscott, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 160 Epidural Mass Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC 164 Enlarged Sulci, Generalized Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD 168 Effaced Sulci, Generalized Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 172 Interhemispheric Fissure Cysts Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 176 CPA Mass, Adult Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 180 Cystic CPA Mass Karen L. Salzman, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 184 Prepontine Cistern Mass Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA, and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 190 Ventral Foramen Magnum Mass Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Karen L. Salzman, MD 194 Dorsal Foramen Magnum Mass Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Karen L. Salzman, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 198 Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 200 Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 204 CSF-Like Extraaxial Fluid Collection Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 206 Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 210 CSF-Like Extraaxial Mass Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 212 Sulcal/Cisternal Enhancement Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC 216 Fat in Sulci/Cisterns/Ventricles Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 218 Pneumocephalus Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 220 Extraaxial Flow Voids Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 222 T1-Hyperintense CSF Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 224 FLAIR-Hyperintense Sulci Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 228 T2-Hypointense Extraaxial Lesions Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 232 Hyperdense CSF Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 234 Hyperdense Extraaxial Mass(es) Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 236 Hypodense Extraaxial Mass(es) Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD BRAIN PARENCHYMA, GENERAL GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 240 Multiple Enhancing Lesions, General Karen L. Salzman, MD and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 244 Ring-Enhancing Lesion, Solitary Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 250 Ring-Enhancing Lesion, Multiple Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 254 Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General Nancy J. Fischbein, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 260 CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s) Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 266 Cyst With Nodule Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 270 Fat and Fat-Like Lesion(s) Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 272 Solitary Parenchymal Calcification Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 276 Multiple Parenchymal Calcifications Blair A. Winegar, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 280 Solitary Hyperdense Parenchymal Lesion Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 286 Multiple Hyperdense Parenchymal Lesions Troy A. Hutchins, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 292 Solitary Hypodense Parenchymal Lesion Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 296 Multiple Hypodense Parenchymal Lesions Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD 300 Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 306 Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Less Common Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 312 Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Rare but Important Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 318 Multiple Hypointense Foci on T2 Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 320 Multiple Hypointense Foci on GRE/SWI Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 324 T1-/T2-Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesions Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 328 T1-Hypointense, T2-Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesions Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 332 T1-/T2-Isointense Parenchymal Lesions Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 336 Restricted Diffusion, General Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 342 Restricted Diffusion, Cortex Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 344 Restricted Diffusion, Basal Ganglia Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA 348 T1-Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesion(s) Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 352 Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant Chang Yueh Ho, MD 358 Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year Chang Yueh Ho, MD 364 Epilepsy, Child Luke L. Linscott, MD 370 Epilepsy, Adult Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD SUPRATENTORIAL BRAIN PARENCHYMA ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 372 Asymmetric Cerebral Hemispheres Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA 378 Thick Cerebral Cortex Luke L. Linscott, MD 384 Thin Cortex Karen L. Salzman, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Chang Yueh Ho, MD 390 Focal Cortical Mass Chang Yueh Ho, MD and James D. Eastwood, MD 396 Cortical Hyperintensity T2/FLAIR Karen L. Salzman, MD 400 Cortical Enhancement Karen L. Salzman, MD 402 Solitary White Matter Lesion Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD 406 Confluent White Matter Lesions Karen L. Salzman, MD 412 Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum Luke L. Linscott, MD 418 Corpus Callosum Holes Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 420 Corpus Callosum Lesion Without Mass Effect Karen L. Salzman, MD 422 Corpus Callosum Mass Karen L. Salzman, MD 424 Corpus Callosum Splenium Lesion Troy A. Hutchins, MD 428 Medial Temporal Lobe Lesion Chang Yueh Ho, MD 434 Hippocampal Lesion Chang Yueh Ho, MD 438 Basal Ganglia Calcification Karen L. Salzman, MD 442 Hyperdense Basal Ganglia Karen L. Salzman, MD 444 Hypodense Basal Ganglia Karen L. Salzman, MD 448 T1-Hyperintense Basal Ganglia Karen L. Salzman, MD 452 T2-Hyperintense Basal Ganglia Karen L. Salzman, MD 456 Enlarged Perivascular Spaces Karen L. Salzman, MD 458 Perivascular Space Enhancing Lesions Karen L. Salzman, MD 462 Bilateral Basal Ganglia Lesions Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 466 Putamen Lesion(s) Karen L. Salzman, MD 468 Globus Pallidus Lesion(s) Karen L. Salzman, MD 472 Unilateral Thalamic Lesion Karen L. Salzman, MD 474 Bithalamic Lesions Nancy J. Fischbein, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 478 Pulvinar Sign Karen L. Salzman, MD 480 Tectal (Quadrigeminal Plate) Lesion Karen L. Salzman, MD INFRATENTORIAL BRAIN PARENCHYMA ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 482 Large Brainstem Karen L. Salzman, MD 484 Small Brainstem Karen L. Salzman, MD 486 T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal Karen L. Salzman, MD 488 T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse Karen L. Salzman, MD 490 Midbrain Lesion Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 494 Pontine Lesion Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 500 Medulla Lesion Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 504 Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Lesion(s) Nancy J. Fischbein, MD 508 Cerebellar Atrophy Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR and Chang Yueh Ho, MD 512 Cerebellar Hemisphere Mass Chang Yueh Ho, MD 518 Vermis Mass Chang Yueh Ho, MD 522 Low Cerebellar Tonsils Luke L. Linscott, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 524 Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion Luke L. Linscott, MD CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 530 Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 534 Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric Chang Yueh Ho, MD SELLA/JUXTASELLAR, PINEAL REGION ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 540 Pineal Region Mass, General Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA 544 Pineal Gland Mass Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 546 Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass Chang Yueh Ho, MD 548 Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions Karen L. Salzman, MD 550 Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD 552 Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification Blair A. Winegar, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 556 Enlarged Pituitary Gland Karen L. Salzman, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 558 Intrasellar Lesion Blair A. Winegar, MD, Karen L. Salzman, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 560 Cystic Intrasellar Mass Karen L. Salzman, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 562 Suprasellar Mass, Child Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 568 Suprasellar Mass, Adult Karen L. Salzman, MD 572 Suprasellar Cystic Mass Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD 576 Calcified Suprasellar Mass Blair A. Winegar, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD 578 Enhancing Suprasellar Mass Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD 580 Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion Blair A. Winegar, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 584 Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 586 Thick Infundibular Stalk Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 588 Hypothalamus Lesion Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 592 Hyperdense Suprasellar Mass Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD 594 T1-Hyperintense Suprasellar Mass Karen L. Salzman, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR ARTERIES ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 596 Multifocal Arterial Narrowing Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS and J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD 600 Vessel Wall Abnormalities Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS and J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD 604 Fusiform Arterial Enlargement Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS and Chang Yueh Ho, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 606 Hyperattenuating (Dense) Artery Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS, Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC, and Karen L. Salzman, MD VEINS, VENOUS SINUSES ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 608 Dural Sinus Lesion, General Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 612 Enlarged Cortical Veins Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD 614 Prominent/Enlarged Deep (Medullary/Ependymal) Veins Karen L. Salzman, MD and James D. Eastwood, MD 618 Abnormally Enhancing Medullary Veins Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS 620 Unilateral Cavernous Sinus Mass Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD, Marinos Kontzialis, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 624 Bilateral Cavernous Sinus Lesions Blair A. Winegar, MD, Karen L. Salzman, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR 628 Meckel Cave Lesion Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 632 Hyperdense Dural Sinus Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD 636 GRE/SWI Venous Abnormalities Kalen Riley, MD, MBA and Miriam E. Peckham, MD CRANIAL NERVES CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 638 Hemifacial Spasm Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 642 Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult Nicholas A. Koontz, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 646 Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child Bernadette L. Koch, MD 652 Bitemporal Heteronymous Hemianopsia Blair A. Winegar, MD and Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD 658 Homonymous Hemianopsia Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD 662 Oculomotor, Trochlear, or Abducens Neuropathy Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 668 Trigeminal Neuralgia Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 672 Complex Cranial Nerve IX-XII Neuropathy Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 678 Horner Syndrome Nicholas A. Koontz, MD SECTION 2: SPINE TRANSSPATIAL ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 686 Cervical, Chronic Posttraumatic Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 688 Cervical, Lower, Posttraumatic Bony Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD 690 Thoracic Bony Trauma Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD 692 Lumbar Bony Trauma Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 694 Kyphosis Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 696 Kyphoscoliosis, Child Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 698 Platyspondyly, Diffuse Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 700 Sacral Mass, Adult Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 704 Sacrococcygeal Mass, Pediatric Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 708 Sacral Deformity Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 712 Multicompartmental Mass Jeffrey S. Ross, MD CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 718 Acute Back Pain/Radiculopathy, Postoperative Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 724 Chronic Back Pain/Radiculopathy, Postoperative Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 730 Acute Upper Extremity Pain/Weakness Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 736 Lower Extremity Pain Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 740 Back Pain, Adult Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 746 Back Pain, Pediatric Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 750 Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD 754 Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD 758 Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 762 C1-C2 Instability Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 766 Odontoid Deformity Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD VERTEBRAL BODY, POSTERIOR ELEMENTS ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 768 Congenital Vertebral Anomalies Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD 770 Cervical Bony Fusion Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 772 Flattened Vertebral Body, Solitary Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD 774 Flattened Vertebral Body, Multiple Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 776 Dysmorphic Vertebral Body Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Kevin R. Moore, MD, and Julia R. Crim, MD 778 Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 782 Enlarged Neural Foramen Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 784 Vertebral Body Scalloping/Widened Canal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 786 Spondylolisthesis Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 790 Bony Lesion, Aggressive Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 794 Fracture, Vertebral Body Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 798 Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 800 Fracture, Posterior Element Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 802 Pedicle Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 806 Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 810 Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 814 Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 816 Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 818 Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 820 Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 822 Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 826 Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD INTERVERTEBRAL DISC, ENDPLATE GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 828 Disc Contour Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 832 Intervertebral Disc/Endplate Irregularity Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 836 Vertebral Endplate Contour Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 840 Intervertebral Disc, T1 Hypointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 842 Intervertebral Disc, T2 Hyperintense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 844 Vertebral Endplate Signal Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD EXTRADURAL ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 846 Epidural Mass Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 852 Ventral/Lateral Paraspinal Mass Jeffrey S. Ross, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 854 Paraspinal Muscle Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 856 Extradural Lesions, Multiple Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 858 Extradural Lesion, No Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 860 Extradural Lesion, Solid Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 864 Epidural Fluid Jeffrey S. Ross, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 868 Soft Tissue Calcification, Paraspinal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 870 Extradural, Normal Marrow Signal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 874 Extradural, Abnormal Marrow Signal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 878 Extradural Lesion, T1 Hyperintense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 880 Extradural Lesion, T1 Hypointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 884 Extradural Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 888 Extradural Lesion, T2 Hypointense, T1 Hypointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 890 Lumbar Soft Tissue Mass, Pediatric Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD INTRADURAL EXTRAMEDULLARY ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 894 Cauda Equina Enhancement, Diffuse Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 898 Subarachnoid Space Narrowing Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 900 Intradural Extramedullary, Leptomeningeal Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 904 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, No Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 908 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, Solid Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 912 Intradural Lesion, Serpentine Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 914 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, Multiple Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 918 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, Ring/Peripheral Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 922 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T1 Hyperintense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 924 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 928 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense, T2 Hypointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 930 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 932 Cauda Equina Syndrome Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD INTRAMEDULLARY ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 934 Intramedullary Mass Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD 938 Conus Abnormality Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS 942 Intramedullary Lesions, Multiple Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 944 Intramedullary Lesion, Solid Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 948 Intramedullary Lesion, No Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 950 Intramedullary Lesion, Diffuse/Ill-Defined Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD 954 Intramedullary Lesion, Ring/Peripheral Enhancement Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS 956 Intramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense, T2 Hypointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD 958 Intramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 960 Intramedullary Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 964 Intramedullary Lesion, T1 Hyperintense Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 970 Cord Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, Ventral Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD 972 Cord Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, Dorsal Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 976 Cord Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, Central Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS 982 Myelopathy Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
- ISBN: 978-0-443-10694-1
- Editorial: Elsevier
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 1074
- Fecha Publicación: 09/05/2023
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés