Russian space probes: scientific discoveries and future missions

Brian Harvey recounts for the first time the definitive history of scientificRussian space probes and the knowledge they acquired of the Earth, its environment, the Moon, Mars and Venus. He examines what Russian Space Science has actually achieved in furthering our knowledge of the Solar System, focusing on the instrumentation and scientific objectives and outcomes, the information gained and lessons learnt. Boxes and charts are used extensively in order to convey in an easily understandable manner for the non-scientific reader the problems and issues addressed and solved by Soviet space science. The book opens with the story of early space science in Russia, which started when the first Russian rockets were fired into the high atmosphere from Kapustin Yar in the late1940s. Instruments were carried to measure and map the atmosphere and later rockets carried dogs to test their reactions to weightlessness. In order to beat America into Earth orbit, two simpler satellites than originally planned were launched, Sputnik and Sputnik 2, which provided some initial information on atmospheric density, while the following Sputnik 3 carried twelve instruments to measure radiation belts, solar radiation, the density of the atmosphere andthe Earth’s magnetic field. The author recounts how, by the 1960s, the SovietUnion had developed a program of investigation of near-Earth space using satellites within the Cosmos program, in particular the DS (Dnepropetrovsky Sputnik), small satellites developed to investigate meteoroids, radiation, the magnetic fields, the upper atmosphere, solar activity, ionosphere, charged particles, cosmic rays and geophysics. Brian Harvey then gives the scientific results from Russian lunar exploration, starting with the discovery of the solar wind by the First Cosmic Ship and the initial mapping of the lunar far side by the Automatic Interplanetary Station. He describes Luna 10, which made the first full study of the lunar environment, Luna 16 which brought soil back to Earth and the two Moon rovers which travelled 50 kms across the lunar surface taking thousands of measurements, soil analyses and photographs, as well as profiles of discrete areas. Chapters 4 and 5 describe in detail the scientific outcomesof the missions to Venus and Mars, before considering the orbiting space stations in Chapter 6. Space science formed an important part of the early manned space program, the prime focus being the human reaction to weightlessness, howlong people could stay in orbit and the effects on the body, as well as radiation exposure. Chapter 7 looks at the later stage of Soviet and Russian space science, including Astron and Granat, the two observatories of the 1980s, and Bion, the space biology program which flew monkeys and other animals into orbit. The final chapter looks forward to a new period of Russian space science with the Spektr series of observatories and a range smaller science satellites under the Federal Space Plan 2006-2015 A definitive history of Russian unmanned space science program from 1957 (Sputnik) on. Examines Russian contributions to our knowledge of Earth, the Moon, Mars, Venus, and the environment of space. Compares Russian achievements with those of the rest of the world and analyzes the results of those achievements. INDICE: Introduction by the authors. Acknowledgments. Glossary. Terminological and translation notes. Reference notes. List of tables. List of illustrations. List of figures. Chapter 1: Early space science. Chapter 2: Deepening our understanding. Chapter 3: Revealing the Moon. Chapter 4: Unveiling Venus. Chapter 5: The path to Mars. Chapter 6: Orbiting space stations. Chapter 7: Later Soviet space science: the observatories. Chapter 8: Perspectives, past, and future. Annex: Summary of Soviet and Russian space science missions. Bibliography. Index.

• ISBN: 978-1-4419-8149-3
• Editorial: Praxis
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 514
• Fecha Publicación: 29/05/2011
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés