Mri: Basic Principles and Applications

This fifth edition of the most accessible introduction to MRI principles and applications from renowned teachers in the field provides an understandable yet comprehensive update. Accessible introductory guide from renowned teachers in the field Provides a concise yet thorough introduction for MRI focusing on fundamental physics, pulse sequences, and clinical applications without presenting advanced math Takes a practical approach, including up–to–date protocols, and supports technical concepts with thorough explanations and illustrations Highlights sections that are directly relevant to radiology board exams Presents new information on the latest scan techniques and applications including 3 Tesla whole body scanners, safety issues, and the nephrotoxic effects of gadolinium–based contrast media INDICE: Preface, ix .ABR study guide topics, xi .1 Production of net magnetization 1 .1.1 Magnetic fields 1 .1.2 Nuclear spin 2 .1.3 Nuclear magnetic moments 4 .1.4 Larmor precession 4 .1.5 Net magnetization 6 .1.6 Susceptibility and magnetic materials 8 .2 Concepts of magnetic resonance 10 .2.1 Radiofrequency excitation 10 .2.2 Radiofrequency signal detection 12 .2.3 Chemical shift 14 .3 Relaxation 17 .3.1 T1 relaxation and saturation 17 .3.2 T2 relaxation, T2? relaxation, and spin echoes 21 .4 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging 1 26 .4.1 Gradient fields 26 .4.2 Slice selection 28 .4.3 Readout or frequency encoding 30 .4.4 Phase encoding 33 .4.5 Sequence looping 35 .5 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging 2 39 .5.1 Frequency selective excitation 39 .5.2 Composite pulses 44 .5.3 Raw data and image data matrices 46 .5.4 Signal–to–noise ratio and tradeoffs 47 .5.5 Raw data and k–space 48 .5.6 Reduced k–space techniques 51 .5.7 Reordered k–space filling techniques 54 .5.8 Other k–space filling techniques 56 .5.9 Phased–array coils 58 .5.10 Parallel acquisition methods 60 .6 Pulse sequences 65 .6.1 Spin echo sequences 67 .6.2 Gradient echo sequences 70 .6.3 Echo planar imaging sequences 75 .6.4 Magnetization–prepared sequences 77 .7 Measurement parameters and image contrast 86 .7.1 Intrinsic parameters 87 .7.2 Extrinsic parameters 89 .7.3 Parameter tradeoffs 91 .8 Signal suppression techniques 94 .8.1 Spatial presaturation 94 .8.2 Magnetization transfer suppression 96 .8.3 Frequency–selective saturation 99 .8.4 Nonsaturation methods 101 .9 Artifacts 103 .9.1 Motion artifacts 103 .9.2 Sequence/Protocol–related artifacts 105 .9.3 External artifacts 119 .10 Motion artifact reduction techniques 126 .10.1 Acquisition parameter modification 126 .10.2 Triggering/Gating 127 .10.3 Flow compensation 132 .10.4 Radial–based motion compensation 134 .11 Magnetic resonance angiography 135 .11.1 Time–of–flight MRA 137 .11.2 Phase contrast MRA 141 .11.3 Maximum intensity projection 144 .12 Advanced imaging applications 147 .12.1 Diffusion 147 .12.2 Perfusion 153 .12.3 Functional brain imaging 156 .12.4 Ultra–high field imaging 158 .12.5 Noble gas imaging 159 .13 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy 162 .13.1 Additional concepts 162 .13.2 Localization techniques 167 .13.3 Spectral analysis and postprocessing 169 .13.4 Ultra–high field spectroscopy 173 .14 Instrumentation 177 .14.1 Computer systems 177 .14.2 Magnet system 180 .14.3 Gradient system 182 .14.4 Radiofrequency system 184 .14.5 Data acquisition system 186 .14.6 Summary of system components 187 .15 Contrast agents 189 .15.1 Intravenous agents 190 .15.2 Oral agents 195 .16 Safety 196 .16.1 Base magnetic field 197 .16.2 Cryogens 197 .16.3 Gradients 198 .16.4 RF power deposition 198 .16.5 Contrast media 199 .17 Clinical applications 200 .17.1 General principles of clinical MR imaging 200 .17.2 Examination design considerations 202 .17.3 Protocol considerations for anatomical regions 203 .17.4 Recommendations for specific sequences and clinical situations 218 .References and suggested readings 222 .Index 225

• ISBN: 978-1-119-01305-1
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 240
• Fecha Publicación: 16/10/2015
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés